Illinois Case (Wabash Case) involved a railroad company, Wabash, St. ... The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1886 that Illinois' granger laws were unconstitutional because they attempted to control interstate commerce, which had been deemed a responsibility of the federal government by Gibbons v.
Causes of the Migration<span>. When the Emancipation Proclamation was signed in 1863, less than 8% of the African American population lived in the Northeastern or Midwestern United States. By 1900, about 90% of African Americans still lived in Southern states.
</span>The Great Migration<span> was the mass movement of about five million southern blacks to the north and west between </span>1915<span> and 1960. During the initial wave the majority of</span>migrants<span> moved to major northern cities such as Chicago, Illiniois, Detroit, Michigan, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and New York, New York.</span>
- did not fear the spread of emancipation or slave uprisings
- were sympathetic to Louverture and the revolt against French rule
