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kompoz [17]
2 years ago
6

Cellular Respiration, please help this is due tomorrow and I don't get it at all.

Biology
1 answer:
saw5 [17]2 years ago
4 0

Answer:

What does cellular respiration due?

<h2>Cellular respiration releases stored energy in glucose molecules and converts it into a form of energy that can be used by cells.</h2>

Explanation:

<h2>What are the 7 steps of cellular respiration in order?</h2>

<h2>Overview of the steps of cellular respiration. Glycolysis. Six-carbon glucose is converted into two pyruvates (three carbons each). ATP and NADH are made.</h2>

...

<h2>Glycolysis. ... </h2><h2>Pyruvate oxidation. ... </h2><h2>Citric acid cycle. ... </h2><h2>Oxidative phosphorylation</h2>

<h2>Answer</h2>

<h2> Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from oxygen molecules[1] or nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.[2] The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions, which break large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy because weak high-energy bonds, in particular in molecular oxygen,[3] are replaced by stronger bonds in the products. Respiration is one of the key ways a cell releases chemical energy to fuel cellular activity. The overall reaction occurs in a series of biochemical steps, some of which are redox reactions. Although cellular respiration is technically a combustion reaction, it clearly does not resemble one when it occurs in a living cell because of the slow, controlled release of energy from the series of reactions.Nutrients that are commonly used by animal and plant cells in respiration include sugar, amino acids and fatty acids, and the most common oxidizing agent providing most of the chemical energy is molecular oxygen (O2).[1] The chemical energy stored in ATP (the bond of its third phosphate group to the rest of the molecule can be broken allowing more stable products to form, thereby releasing energy for use by the cell) can then be used to drive processes requiring energy, including biosynthesis, locomotion or transport of molecules across cell membranes.</h2>

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The elephants represented in lanes 3 and 5 could have been a match to the ivory sample if you failed to amplify one allele in ei
olga_2 [115]

About the question:

I failed to find the result of the PCR / electrophoresis. However, I will try to explain when to still consider a sample, and when to exclude it.

Answer:

Probably elephants 1, 2, 4, and 6 exposed a pattern of lines that differed in most alleles from the ivory´s pattern. So they were considered to be different and, hence, excluded. However, elephants 3 and 5 only were different in one allele, which might be due to the amplification failure. In these last situations, the experiment must be run again, and include many markers.

Explanation:

The genetic profile is the series of alleles, characteristic of each individual, concerning a series of DNA fragments.

Once genetic profiles are obtained by using PCR/electrophoresis, they must be subjected to interpretation. The researcher must compare profiles to find concordance between individuals or the lack of it.

In the exposed example, probably we have a profile of the ivory sample, and we need to find out to what individual or population it belongs to. So we need to compare the pattern of bands of the different lanes with the ivory´s pattern of bands.

In resumed terms, if the ivory´s patterns completely match with another lane pattern, then this is the individuals or population to whom it belongs the ivory. However, if they do not match, we need to exclude this individual.

But this is not as easy as it looks like. Sometimes it is difficult to interpret the results because bands are not so clear, and sometimes there are failures during amplification, as said before in the statement of the problem.

In these situations, what you need to do is look for the lanes that match the most with the ivory one and discard those that differ the most. These last patterns probably belong to a different animal or population, that why they can be excluded. Individuals suspected of being the same as the individual understudy or belonging to the same population, must be subducted to a repetition of the study. Also, the use of several markers in the study increases the matches chances.

So, in the exposed example, if the amplification fails in one allele, elephants 3 and 5 could be a match to the ivory sample, probably because all the other alleles do match. You can only exclude them if, after the experiment repetition, the involved allele is still different. On the other hand, you can eliminate the elephants 1, 2, 4, and 6 because their pattern bands are significantly different from the ivory´s patterns, so you do not even need to repeat the experiment.

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