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gregori [183]
2 years ago
9

Which function of human blood includes the other three

Biology
2 answers:
charle [14.2K]2 years ago
6 0

Answer: that is the answer

supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues,Explanation:

Len [333]2 years ago
5 0

Answer:

11  \frac{1 }{2} 2 \frac{2}{3}

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AZT is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. How does this drug prevent the replication of a retrovirus
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Answer:

AZT is a thymidine analog

Explanation:

Azidothymidine (AZT) is an antiviral drug used for the treatment of the Human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV/AIDS) by preventing the transmission of HIV from infected cells. AZT is capable of suppressing the activity of the enzyme reverse transcriptase of the retroviral HIV genome, which enables it to copy RNA into DNA. In infected cells, this double-stranded DNA is integrated into the host genome which is then instructed to produce identical HIV copies. AZT is a thymidine analog that is incorporated into DNA and thus interferes with DNA synthesis, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation.

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Malaria, which is transmitted to humans via mosquitoes, is caused by a(n) __________ protist.
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Answer:

Normal Strand: alanine - methionine - histidine
Mutated Strand: glutamine - cysteine - no third amino acid.

Explanation:

<h3>mRNA Structure</h3>

Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is the RNA that is used in cells for protein synthesis. It has a single strand made by the transcription of DNA by RNA polymerase. It contains four nucleotides: Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Uracil (U).

<h3>DNA Replication</h3>

Before transcribing, we need to create the complementary strand of the DNA. We're going to write out the nucleotides of the complementary strand by matching the nucleotides in these pairs: (A & T) and (C & G).

              Normal Strand: GCA ATG CAC
Complementary Strand: CGT TAC GTG

Next, we can transcribe this to find our mRNA. We're going to do the same thing to the complementary DNA strand, but with Uracils instead of Thymines. So our pairs are: (A & U) and (C & G)

Complementary DNA Strand: CGT TAC GTG
                        mRNA Strand: GCA AUG CAC

You'll notice that the mRNA strand is almost exactly like the new mRNA strand, but with Uracil instead of Thymine.

<h3>Reading Codons</h3>

Each set of three nucleotides is known as a codon, which encodes the amino acids that ribosomes make into proteins. To read the codons, you need to have a chart like the one I attached. Start in the middle and work your way to the edge of the circle. Some amino acids have multiple codons. There are also "stop" and "start" codons that signify the beginning and ends of proteins.

mRNA Strand: GCA AUG CAC
Amino Acids:   Ala   Met   His

Our sequence is alanine, methionine, and histidine.

<h3>Frameshift Mutations</h3>

A frameshift mutation occurs when a nucleotide is either added or removed from the DNA. It causes your reading frame to shift and will mess up every codon past where the mutation was. This is different than a point mutation, where a nucleotide is <em>swapped</em> because that will only mess up the one codon that it happened in. Frameshift mutations are usually more detrimental than point mutations because they cause wider spread damage.

<h3>Mutated Strand</h3>

Let's repeat what we did earlier on the mutated strand to see what changed.

              Mutated Strand: CAA TGC AC
Complementary Strand: GTT ACG TG
---
Complementary DNA Strand: GTT ACG TG
                        mRNA Strand: CAA UGC AC
---
mRNA Strand: CAA UGC AC
Amino Acids:   Glu   Cys   X
---
Our amino acid sequence is glutamine, cysteine, and no third amino acid.

As you can see, removing the first nucleotide of the strand caused every codon to change. The last codon is now incomplete and won't be read at all. If this happened in a cell, the protein that was created from this mutated strand would be incorrect and may not function completely or at all.

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