Answer:
An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth."
This phrase, along with the idea of written laws, goes back to ancient Mesopotamian culture that prospered long before the Bible was written or the civilizations of the Greeks or Romans flowered.
"An eye for an eye ..." is a paraphrase of Hammurabi's Code, a collection of 282 laws inscribed on an upright stone pillar. The code was found by French archaeologists in 1901 while excavating the ancient city of Susa, which is in modern-day Iran.
Hammurabi is the best known and most celebrated of all Mesopotamian kings. He ruled the Babylonian Empire from 1792-50 B.C.E. Although he was concerned with keeping order in his kingdom, this was not his only reason for compiling the list of laws. When he began ruling the city-state of Babylon, he had control of no more than 50 square miles of territory. As he conquered other city-states and his empire grew, he saw the need to unify the various groups he controlled.
I would say a key feature of the European Renaissance culture would be that, because of the Renaissance, things such as reading and knowledge of things became much more popular, creating a more educated population. Classical literature became popular once again too. There was also the fact that humanism emerged during this era, which was basically the individual thought and self-admiration of human beings rather than human beings being despicable, unworthy beings under God. People like Michelangelo, Da-Vinci, and Raphael were amazing artists that could show examples of humanism in their artworks, especially da-vinci with his sketches. hope this helps ya :)
