Answer: The Reformation while Jews in Eastern Europe remained relatively insulated from outside influence, Jews in Western Europe were affected by an internal schism within Christianity that set into motion forces which are still not spent; forces which changed forever the face of civilization, which ushered in the beginning of the modern western world.
Great Britain was heavily in debt after the war and tried to recover monies by taxing colonies based on the idea that the war had been necessary to protect the colonies from the French.