Answer:
Research and development
Explanation:
Fixed cost is cost that does not vary with output. It is cost that is incurred regardless of the units of output produced
Discretionary fixed cost is cost that is incurred at the discretion of the management of a company.
A company can decide to undertake research and development or not to. So, it is an example of discretionary fixed cost
Answer:see how long they have to measure it
Explanation:
If the tax system in the US is progressive, then those with lower income will pay proportionally less than those with higher income as the latter will have a higher tax rate but in fact the rich people usually have or find a lot of tax loopholes to reduce their taxes so may still not be paying a fair share of their taxes compared to the poor people who don't have these loopholes.
Answer:
Bethesda Biosys
Issue of an IPO:
Net proceeds for the issuer is $82 million, if all the 4 million shares are bought by investors.
Explanation:
a) Calculations:
The spread is $4.5 (18% of $25) per share, since average selling price is $25.
Therefore, the net proceed per share is $20.50 ($25 - 4.50).
And the Total Net Proceeds = $82 million ($20.50 * 4 million), assuming that all four million shares were bought by the public.
Note that the question did not provide the necessary information to make the final decision.
b) During the issue of securities, especially an IPO, underwriters, such as investment banks, pay an issuing company for the securities and then sell the securities to the public. There is always a difference per share price that they are willing to pay the issuer and what they will collect from the investing public. That difference is called the underwriting spread or simply the spread.
c) Best-Efforts Basis: According to investopedia.com, underwriting on best-effort basis is "an agreement between an underwriter and an issuer in which the underwriter agrees to place as much of an offering with investors as possible, but is not responsible for any portion of the offering it fails to sell."
