Explanation:
The effects of gamma radiation are investigated by studying plant germination, growth and development, and biochemical characteristics of maize. Maize dry seeds are exposed to a gamma source at doses ranging from 0.1 to 1 kGy. Our results show that the germination potential, expressed through the final germination percentage and the germination index, as well as the physiological parameters of maize seedlings (root and shoot lengths) decreased by increasing the irradiation dose. Moreover, plants derived from seeds exposed at higher doses did not survive more than 10 days. Biochemical differences based on photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids) content revealed an inversely proportional relationship to doses of exposure. Furthermore, the concentration of chlorophyll a was higher than chlorophyll b in both irradiated and non-irradiated seedlings. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy used to evaluate the amount of free radicals induced by gamma ray treatment demonstrates that the relative concentration of radiation-induced free radicals depends linearly on the absorbed
Answer:The net force is the sum of all the forces acted upon an object. The direction of force depends on which side you are taking as a positive and negative force. If the force of 22 newtons is positive and the force of 13 newtons is negative, they are actng on the object on different directions, thus in order to get the net force, we just sum them up.
newtons
The net force is +9 Newtons.
Explanation
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Answer:
NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle.
Explanation:
