D) stock is available to all members of the public
The answer is imperialism.
Assimilation was considered one of the keys to successful imperialism. According to Oxfords dictionary, imperialism is a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
The scenario above exemplifies object permanence. It is likely that Madeline has exhibit this as she believes the cookie is still there even if she does not know where it is. An object permanence explains that a person would believe that a certain thing or object exist without having the assurance of its existence. It could be seen above as Madeline thinks that the cookie is still there even if it is hidden and not seen from her sight.