Triggering of the muscle action potential occurs after Ach binds to chemically gated channels in the motor end plate membrane. Acetylcholine (Ach) is a neurotransmitter produced by nerve cells.
An action potential is an electrical signal that travels along the cell membrane as a wave.
This action potential (muscle action potential) drives the contraction of muscle fibers.
When the action potential reaches the neuromuscular junction (i.e., the motor end-plate), acetylcholine (Ach) is released into the synaptic cleft.
Subsequently, Ach can bind and open specific channels localized on the surface of the muscle cells, thereby depolarizing them and triggering muscle contraction.
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If there is a leakage of the manure pond into the near by river, the growth the nitrates and phosphates in the leak causes an overgrowth of algae leading to eutrophication.
<h3>What is a manure?</h3>
A manure is that which is used to improve the fertility of the soil. It is composed of the nutrients that are required by the soil. We know that each pig produces 30 liters of manure each day, and the average feedlot holds 900 pigs. Hence, each day, 30 * 900 = 27000 litres of manure is produced.
Within a period of 30 days, a total of 27000 litres of manure * 30 = 810,000 litres of manure is produced. If there is a leakage of the manure pond into the near by river, the growth the nitrates and phosphates in the leak causes an overgrowth of algae leading to eutrophication.
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Distal Convoluted Tubule and Collecting Duct are parts of the nephron does ADH act on to regulate water reabsorption. ADH acts throughs G-protein coupled receptor in order to increase transcription and the insertion of Aquaporin–2 channels for the apical membrane of the CD and DCT cells. Therefore, the permeability of CD and DCT cells to the water increases.
A Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) is a short nephron segment, a portion of kidney nephron between Henle or macula densa and the collecting tubule loop. It plays an important role in regulating extracellular fluid volume and electrolyte homeostasis. In DCT, Sodium absorption occurs, which is mediated by the hormone aldosterone.
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Answer:
The transcription rate will slow down in the cells that carry mutant sigma factor.
Explanation:
Sigma factor play an important role during initiation of transcription.The sigma factor binds to the core RNA polymerase(that contains alpha,beta,beta dash and omega subunit) to form hollow enzyme.
The binding to sigma factor to core RNA polymerase initiates the formation closed promoter complex and the release of sigma factor result in the formation of open promoter complex that signals the ending of transcription initiation.
Now if the sigma factor binds tightly to the core RNA polymerase then it will be difficult for the sigma factor to get dissiciated from hollow enzyme,as a result transcription will remain in the initiation phase. So the process cannot enter the elongation phase.
