Can accumulate over generations so that descendants are very different <span>from their ancestors
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Answer:
d. They are often keystone species
Explanation:
Top predators in an environment are the largest predators and sits on the top (apex) of the food chain in an ecosystem which do not have any natural predators.
As the top predators relative to its abundance has disproportionately large effect on its natural environment, they are the keystone species most of the time.
Hence option d. They are often keystone species is the right option.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Chiasma is the site of crossing over. It is an X-shaped site that appears in a tetrad (bivalent) chromosome during the diplotene stage of prophase I of meiosis I. Crossing over refers to the exchange of segments of chromatids and occurs between homologous chromosomes only. Crossing over is the event of prophase I of meiosis I and produce new gene combinations.
The homologous chromosomes are separated from each other but remain attached at chiasmata. The dissolution of chiasmata occurs by the end of prophase I and separates the homologous chromosomes completely from each other. Crossing over does not occur in mitosis. Since mitosis does not include crossing over, chiasmata are also not formed in mitosis.
Thermal energy causes matter to change state beacuse evrything has heat which is thermal energy hore heat is more thermal energy.
Ex.Ice changes into water
Ex.Water changes into water vapor
Answer:
The correct answer is : C .It will decrease ATP production because fewer protons will be able flow down through ATP synthase.
Explanation:
- Oxidative Phosphorylation is a process which involves two steps:
- Transport of electrons from the reduced compounds like NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen) and FADH₂ (Flavin adenine dinucleotide dihydrogen) through the electron transport complexes, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, to oxygen for the generation of water molecules.
- Synthesis of ATP or adenosine triphosphate from ADP or adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate by an enzyme called ATP synthase which is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This enzyme harnesses energy by carrying protons from the inter-membrane space into the mitochondrial matrix and in the process produces ATP.
- Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the mitochondria, especially involving the inter membrane space, inner membrane and mitochondrial matrix
- During the transport of electrons through the protein complexes (I, II, III, IV) of the electron transport chain a proton gradient is generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- The proton gradient is such that the concentration of protons is more in the inter-membrane space and less in the matrix of the mitochondria.
- This proton gradient provides the energy to the ATP synthase for the synthesis of ATP.
- Dinitrophenol is responsible for making the inner mitochondrial membrane permeable to protons. As a result protons can directly diffuse through the inner mitochondrial membrane from the inter-membrane space into the mitochondrial matrix equalising the concentration of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This causes distortion in the proton gradient. Hence, protons are no longer available for the ATP synthase to operate and synthesise ATP.
