You are least productive when you are operating with _______

4) A homozygous groucho fly ( gro, bristles clumped above the eyes) is crossed with a homozygous rough fly (ro, eye abnormality)

docker41 [41]

Answer and Explanation:

A homozygous groucho fly ( gro, bristles clumped above the eyes) is crossed with a homozygous rough fly (ro, eye abnormality).

The F1 females are testcrossed, producing these offspring: groucho 518 rough 471 groucho, rough 6 wild-type 5 1000 a) What is the linkage distance between the two genes? B) Plot the genes on a map c) If the genes were unlinked and the F1 females were mated with the F1 males, what would be the offspring in the F2 generation?

1st cross:

Parental) grogro ro+ro+ x gro+gro+ roro

F1) gro+gro ro+ro

2nd cross:

Parental) gro+gro ro+ro x grogro roro

Gametes) gro+ro+ gro ro

gro+ro gro ro

gro ro+ gro ro

gro ro gro ro

Punnet square)

gro+ro+ gro+ro gro ro+ gro ro

gro ro gro+gro ro+ro gro+gro roro grogro ro+ro grogro roro

F2)

0.518 grogro ro+ro (518 individuals)

0.471 gro+gro roro (471 individuals)

0.006 grogro roro (6 individuals)

0.005 gro+gro ro+ro (5 individuals)

Total number of individuals 1000

Note: These frequencies were calculated dividing the number of individuals belonging to each genotype by the total number of individuals in the F2.

To know if two genes are linked, we must observe the progeny distribution. If individuals, whos genes assort independently, are test crossed, they produce a progeny with equal phenotypic frequencies 1:1:1:1. If we observe a different distribution, that is that phenotypes appear in different proportions, we can assume that genes are linked in the double heterozygote parent.

In the exposed example we might verify which are the recombinant gametes produced by the F1 di-hybrid, and we can recognize them by looking at the phenotypes with lower frequencies in the progeny.

By performing this cross we know that the phenotypes with lower frequencies in the progeny are groucho, rough and wild-type. So the recombinant gametes are gro+ro+ and gro ro, while the parental gametes are gro+ro and gro ro+.

So, the genotype, in linked gene format, of the double heterozygote individual in the F1 is gro+ro/gro ro+.

To calculate the recombination frequency we will make use of the next formula: P = Recombinant number / Total of individuals. The genetic distance will result from multiplying that frequency by 100 and expressing it in map units (MU). One centiMorgan (cM) equals one map unit (MU).

The map unit is the distance between the pair of genes for which one of every 100 meiotic products results in a recombinant product.

The recombination frequency is:

P = Recombinant number / Total of individuals

P = 6 + 5 / 1000

P = 11 / 1000

P = 0.011

The genetic distance between genes, is 0.011 x 100= 1.1 MU.

Genetic Linkage Map:

Parental Phenotypes)

-----gro+------ro---- -----gro------ro+----

----- gro ------ro---- ---- gro------ ro ----

Recombinant phenotypes)

-----gro+------ro+---- -----gro------ro----

----- gro ------ ro---- -----gro------ro----

If the genes were unlinked and the F1 females were mated with the F1 males, the offspring in the F2 generation would have been

4/16 = 1/4 gro+gro ro+ro

4/16 = 1/4 gro+gro roro

4/16 = 1/4 grogro ro+ro

4/16 = 1/4 grogro roro

Their phenotypic frequencies would be 1:1:1:1 related.

7 0

3 years ago

In law of conservation does the total mass of atoms change?

taurus [48]

No! matter is not created nor distroyed

6 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Explain how homeostasis in a cell is maintained?

oksian1 [2.3K]

Cell membranes help organisms maintain homeostasis by controlling what substances may enter or leave cells

4 0

3 years ago

Eerrrrrrrrrrrr ff f tr tr rt t rt rt t 5h 5 6h 56h 56 6

scoundrel [369]

Answer:

YURRRRRRRRRRRR, Ion understand wat u want me to answer.

Explanation:

~Bre

6 0

3 years ago

Blank to indicate other students about the deteriorating environmental conditions in the steps needed to improve the area also e

tangare [24]

Complete Question:

Water pollution and air pollution in an area have been steadily increasing. What can students do to address these environmental hazards?

_______ to educate other students about the deteriorating environmental conditions and the steps needed to improve the area. Also, encourage other students to volunteer for workshops about _______.

1.

A. Pass Laws

B. Organize Seminars

C. Create a Tax collection program

2.

A. Recycling and waste disposal

B. Poaching

C. Deforestation

Correct Option:

Organize seminars to educate other students about the deteriorating environmental conditions and the steps needed to improve the area. Also, encourage other students to volunteer for workshops about deforestation.

Option: B and C respectively.

Explanation:

As the environmental conditions are deteriorating day by day, thus it is necessary to train to boost upcoming generation for preserving it in most appropriate manner. For such actions awareness is necessary which should be encouraged by some volunteers of non-profit organization, environment protecting units of state and central, etc to conduct seminar in colleges and schools for students to make them understand the need of plantation and disadvantages of deforestation. The pattern to aware them should be remarkable, in order to create huge impact on the new generations towards green land.

5 0

4 years ago

You are least productive when you are operating with ________ energy: