Answer: Protons contribute towards making ATP by producing proton-motive force that provides energy for ATP synthesis.
Explanation: In the respiratory chain, the transfer of electrons from one complex to another is accompanied by pumping of protons out of the matrix. This creates a difference in proton concentration and separation of charge across the mitochondrial inner membrane. The electrochemical energy inherent in this difference in proton concentration called proton-motive force is used to drive ATP synthesis as protons flow back passively into the matrix through a proton pore.
As the bear enters hibernation, its metabolic processes such as body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate are reduced. But bears do not lower the body temperature as much as once thought. Their hibernation temperature is around 88 degrees and waking temperature is 100 degrees F. This relatively high sleeping temperature allows bears to become fully alert if aroused, perhaps to enable the bear to protect itself from predators and other dangers without unnecessarily taxing their energy reserves. Over the course of a hibernating season it is thought that bears use approximately 4 thousand calories a day, which results in a weight loss of about 20 percent of it body weight by spring.
Answer:
Hypochlorhydria is a condition in which the quantity of stomach acids is reduced. When severe forms of hypochlorhydria arise, then it leads to a condition termed as Achlorhydria. The stomach stops producing hydrochloric acid at all in such a condition.
The effects of Achlorhydria would be devastating on the body. It will
- weaken or entirely stop the digestive process.
- impair the gastrointestinal system.
- stop the proper digestion of proteins.
- cause gastrointestinal infections to occur which would entirely damage the digestive system.
- lead to iron deficiency
The scientific term of a fat cell is an adipoctye.
