There are four monoclonal antibodies (MAB) which specifically recognize double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) together with their use in new methods for detecting and characterizing dsRNA in unfractionated nucleic acid extracts. The specificity of the antibodies was analyzed using a panel of 27 different synthetic and naturally occurring nucleic acids. All four antibodies reacted in a highly specific manner with long dsRNA helices, irrespective of their sequence; no binding to single-stranded RNA homopolymers or to DNA or RNA-DNA hybrids were observed.
Monoclonal antibodies
A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent antibodies derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell.
Monoclonal antibodies can have monovalent affinity, binding only to the same epitope (the part of an antigen that is recognized by the antibody). In contrast, polyclonal antibodies bind to multiple epitopes and are usually made by several different antibody-secreting plasma cell lineages. Bispecific monoclonal antibodies can also be engineered, by increasing the therapeutic targets of one monoclonal antibody to two epitopes.
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The conservation of tillage practices leads to agricultural sustainability by protecting the farmer's crops from insects and other pests, thus, it reduces the need for the farmers to buy pesticides for the crops, since the tillage method prevents insects.
Answer:
The correct answer is - Anaphase.
Explanation:
Cell division can be either mitosis or meiosis. Mitosis cell division has these phases:
A. Interphase - non-dividing phase with to G1, S and G2 sub phase. In this genetic material doubles and cell size increases.
B. Prophase- chromosomes shorten and condense by coiling. Centrioles move in opposite directions.
C. Metaphase - spindle fibres bind to kinetochores and pulls it the chromosomes on the equator of the spindle forms a plate called the metaphase plate.
D. Anaphase- these get condense and centromeres split into two and the spindle fibres pull the daughter centromeres to opposite poles.
E. Telophase is the last phase of Mitosis.
Answer:
Explanation:
When viruses cause an infection, they spread their DNA, affecting heathy cells' genetic makeup and potentially causing them to turn into cancer. HPV infections, for instance, cause the virus' DNA to combine with the host's DNA, disrupting the normal function of cells.
4. A
srry thats the only thing i can answer
