A phylogeny is an evolutionary ”tree” of related
organisms that can be constructed by using
information obtained from the genetic material.
Genetic information is contained in all living cells,
in the form of long DNA molecules that take the
shape of connected double- stranded spirals
(DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA
spirals, or “helixes”, are tightly compressed in the
nucleus of every cell. Their information is
organized into a code made up of four small
molecules — the building blocks of DNA. The
molecules, called nucleotides, are labelled:
A (adenine), C (cytosine), G (guanine) and T
(thymine).
It is possible to draw conclusions about the
evolution of a group of plant or animal species,
and the relationships among them, by comparing
selected pieces of DNA.
The answer is; A
In the lymph vessels, a few lymphocytes ‘ patrol’ the tissues as they scan for antigens. When they detect an antigen, including surface antigens of rogue cells (cancer cells), the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) present this to the cognate lymphocytes turning them to effector cells (such as effector T-cells). The effector T- cells bind to the cancer cells and induce apoptosis.
Plesiadapiforms
are organisms that may have been the first primates. This group of primates underwent an adaptive radiation which enable them to produce forms with very distinctive features including weird, multi-cusped incisors and a variety of very sepcialized lower premolars.
The first record of plesiadapiforms appeared just as the non-avian dinosaurs were about to be extinct 65 million years ago, near the inception of the Paleocene age. Some of these primates persisted well into the epoch of Eocene with the last of its species extincting around 37 million years ago.
The blood rushes to the wound and clots forming a scab
The producers would grow more food to be eaten but the secondary/tertiary etc consumers would have nothing to eat and so numbers would drop on that side
