Answer:
Today, psychology is defined as "the scientific study of behavior and mental processes." Philosophical interest in the human mind and behavior dates back to the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Persia, Greece, China, and India.
Psychology was a branch of the domain of philosophy until the 1860s, when it developed as an independent scientific discipline in Germany.
Psychology as a field of experimental study began in 1854, in Leipzig Germany, when Gustav Fechner created the first theory of how judgments about sensory experiences are made and how to experiment on them. Fechner's theory, recognized today as Signal Detection Theory foreshadowed the development of statistical theories of comparative judgment and thousands of experiments based on his ideas (Link, S. W. Psychological Science, 1995). Later, 1879,Wilhelm Wundt founded in Leipzig, Germany, the first Psychological laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research in Germany. Wundt was also the first person to refer to himself as a psychologist (a notable precursor of Wundt was Ferdinand Ueberwasser (1752-1812) who designated himself Professor of Empirical Psychology and Logic in 1783 and gave lectures on empirical psychology at the Old University of Münster, Germany. Other important early contributors to the field include Hermann Ebbinghaus (a pioneer in the study of memory), William James (the American father of pragmatism), and Ivan Pavlov (who developed the procedures associated with classical conditioning).
Explanation:
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Answer:
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The entropy change ΔS for the combustion of methane to carbon dioxide and liquid water is -242.6 J/mol.K
<h3>What is the Entropy in a Chemical system?</h3>
In a chemical system, Entropy (ΔS) is a quantitative measure of the variety of possible ways to disperse energy inside a chemical system.
- In an isothermal process, entropy is determined as the quantity of heat transmitted to a system.
The chemical reaction for the combustion of methane can be expressed as:
The standard entropy of the combustion is expressed as:
Replacing the standard entropies of the compounds into the above equation, we have:
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Russia is the mainly European nation that followed eastern orthodoxy in 1600. The correct option is C.
<h3>What is Eastern orthodox?</h3>
Eastern orthodox believes are same as the Christian in many terms. They believe in the incarnation of Jesus. Crucifixion and resurrection of Christ.
The orthodox churches are different in the way or worship and life.
Thus, the correct option is C. Russia.
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