Answer:
All of the above answer choices are correct.
Explanation:
Test cross is done to find out the genotype of an individual displaying dominant phenotype as it can be homozygous or heterozygous. To find this the individual is crossed with a recessive phenotype individual. For example: a dominant trait tall height can be homozygous TT or heterozygous Tt. If it is TT all the offspring of test cross with tt will be tall. If it is Tt half of the offspring will be tall and half of the offspring will be short.
Multiple offspring are required to come to the final result because offspring production happens in random order and it might take a few tries before another type of phenotype is produced. For example: If a test cross produces an individual with dominant phenotype we can still not surely say if the test individual is homozygous or heterozygous because both can produce dominant phenotype in test cross. We need more offspring to check if the recessive phenotype is produced or not and accordingly decide the genotype of test individual.
Hence all of the above answer choices are correct.
In order to make the proton gradient, protons are pumped across the mitochondrial membrane at several points in the electron transport chain. However, that proton gradient is only used to make ATP by the ATP synthase, which is technically separate from the electron transport chain.
When you breathe air in your diaphragm tightens and moves downward. It also increases the space in your chest cavity causing your lungs to expand.The muscles in your ribs also help to enlarge your chest cavity. This causes your rib cage to pull upward and outward when you inhale. When you exhale the exact opposite happens.
Answer: Hydrogen peroxide is used as an antiseptic to kill bacteria in cuts and abrasions. Many of these bacteria are catalase positive,
Explanation: that’s it
Answer: Hope This Helps!
Explanation:
Each half of the chromosome, the sister chromatids, has a granule located somewhere near the centromere. This is the kinetochore, and is the place where the spindle microtubules attach.
