The Battle of Verdun in 1916 was the longest single battle of World War
One the casualties from verdun and the impact the battle had on the
French Army was a primary reason for the British starting the battle of
the somme in July 1916 in an effort to take german pressure off of the
French at verdun. The Battle of Verdun started on February 21st 1916 and
ended on December 16th in 1916. It was to make General Philippe pétain a
hero in France.
True the first return of Jews from exile was led by Zerubbabel in 536 B.C.
Since the 2016 Presidential election the 12th Amendment has become a controversial one. This amendment, ratified in 1804, established that a President and a Vice president are elected by the electoral College.
In the 2016 Presidential election Trump was chosen over Clinton by the Electoral College despite the fact that the latter got more votes by the American people. The Electoral college is a 19th century system that is no longer used in current democracies, where the population chooses directly who they want for President, Vice president, etc. It establish an intermediary body of electors that may not represent the people's wish.
I'm not sure I follow what you are asking here.
You can't explain behavior by merely focusing on internal characteristics of a person such as being sadistic and cruel. Such behaviors were not exactly predisposition. They were heavily influenced by external factors like commands from a legitimate power such as Adolf Hitler. The Milgram experiment was actually inspired by the harsh acts of Germans during the WWII. People can actually go to extreme lengths, even if such acts are an attack of one's personal conscience, since they believe the legitimacy of a higher power, consequently making their actions legal or morally right even when it is not.