1)They are very reliable because they are almost always accurate.All science in the courtroom has to be verified in order to be used in the court to prove that their tests are accurate and reliable and can be used as an evidence in court. Reliability is measured by how much your machines have been validated ,if a forensic scientist in a court say the evidence is true but did not have a proper reliability , than people can question how true this test can actually be. Hard science is consisted of chemistry,biology and physics are the most reliable evidence.
2)The reliability of the analytical science in the courtroom is growing. This is because of the fact that analytical science involves comparison between the characteristics and features of the suspected specimens with those obtained from the criminals or victims. The analytical science plays an important role in proving a fact that a crime has been committed, the place of crime and establishing the identity of the culprit.
HOPE THIS HELPS..
Answer:
A
Explanation:
As far as I know, the only way to remove a state judge is impeachment by the state legislature. Remember, this is as far as I know but I'm pretty sure it is correct.
(1) Consensus paradigm – A community of like-minded individuals that agree on goals important for survival and view laws as necessary to achieve those goals (2) Conflict paradigm – the society is quelled in a conflict of interests.
INTERESTS PROTECTED
The Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution provides that "the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized." The ultimate goal of this provision is to protect people’s right to privacy and freedom from unreasonable intrusions by the government. However, the Fourth Amendment does not guarantee protection from all searches and seizures, but only those done by the government and deemed unreasonable under the law. To claim violation of Fourth Amendment as the basis for suppressing a relevant evidence, the court had long required that the claimant must prove that he himself was the victim of an invasion of privacy to have a valid standing to claim protection under the Fourth Amendment. However, the Supreme Court has departed from such requirement, issue of exclusion is to be determined solely upon a resolution of the substantive question whether the claimant's Fourth Amendment rights have been violated, which in turn requires that the claimant demonstrates a justifiable expectation of privacy, which was arbitrarily violated by the government. In general, most warrantless searches of private premises are prohibited under the Fourth Amendment, unless specific exception applies. For instance, a warrantless search may be lawful, if an officer has asked and is given consent to search; if the search is incident to a lawful arrest; if there is probable cause to search and there is exigent circumstance calling for the warrantless search. Exigent circumstances exist in situations where a situation where people are in imminent danger, where evidence faces imminent destruction, or prior to a suspect's imminent escape. On the other hand, warrantless search and seizure of properties are not illegal, if the objects being searched are in plain view. Further, warrantless seizure of abandoned property, or of properties on an open field do not violate Fourth Amendment, because it is considered that having expectation of privacy right to an abandoned property or to properties on an open field is not reasonable. However, in some states, there are some exception to this limitation, where some state authorities have granted protection to open fields. States can always establish higher standards for searches and seizures protection than what is required by the Fourth Amendment, but states cannot allow conducts that violate the Fourth Amendment. Where there was a violation of one’s fourth amendment rights by federal officials, A bivens action can be filed against federal law enforcement officials for damages, resulting from an unlawful search and seizure. Under the Bivens action, the claimant needs to prove that there has been a constitutional violation of the fourth amendment rights by federal officials acting under the color of law. However, the protection under the Fourth Amendment can be waived if one voluntarily consents to or does not object to evidence collected during a warrantless search or seizure.
