Answer:
I tried my best Answer listed below:
Explanation:
The primary limitation of economics, Chetty argues, is that economists have a limited ability to run controlled experiments for theoretical macroeconomic conclusions. The high monetary cost and ethical standards make these types of controlled experiments impractical.
Using the hypergeometric distribution, it is found that the probability is 0.845 = 84.5%.
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- The patients are chosen from the sample without replacement, which means that the hypergeometric distribution is used to solve this question.
Hypergeometric distribution:
The probability of x successes is given by:

The parameters are:
- x is the number of successes.
- N is the size of the population.
- n is the size of the sample.
- k is the total number of desired outcomes.
Combination formula:
is the number of different combinations of x objects from a set of n elements, given as:

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- 56074 patients, thus

- Sample of 40, thus,

- 235 left against medical advice, thus,
.
The probability that none left against medical advice is P(X = 0), so:


The probability is 0.845 = 84.5%.
A similar problem is given at brainly.com/question/24008577
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