Weathering is related to the breaking down and loosening of rock or soil into smaller pieces, but the weathered pieces remain in place. Erosion is related to the movement of weathered (and sometimes non-weathered) pieces away from the source.
Answer:

Explanation:
Given

See attachment
Required
Find 
To do this, we make use of the following theorem
--- angle at the center and angle between two tangents add up to 180 (i.e. they are supplementary angles)
So, we have:

Collect like terms


Answer:
Hierarchical diffusion is one of six ways cultures can spread around the world (what we call ‘types of cultural diffusion’). What makes hierarchical diffusion unique is that it involves the spread of culture starting from the most powerful and influential people within the culture.
Once the influential people embrace a certain culture, the rest of the culture are more likely to follow.
Explanation:
All of the states of the USA are north of the equator.
So are all the states of Mexico.