As you already know, lynx are predators of hares and a balance between the populations of these two animals is necessary, so that the populations have a stable growth.
As you can see in the chart above, when the lynx population is very low, the hare population is high. This is because, as there are few lynxes, predation is low and hares are able to maintain their birth rate higher than the mortality rate. However, there are many hares available for lynx to feed on, which allows the lynx's birth rate to also be higher than the mortality rate, which causes the lynx population to grow.
Also according to the graph, you can see that as the lynx population grows, the hare population decreases. This is because the greater number of lynx causes predatorism to increase and hares are hunted by lynx in greater quantities. This causes the mortality rate of hares to be higher than the birth rate, which decreases its population. On the other hand, the abundance of food allows the lynx population to grow to some extent. This is because, as you can see in the graph, when the hares population is very small, the lynx does not have enough food, which causes an increase in the mortality rate, also decreasing the lynx population.
When the lynx population is low, predatorism is lower, which allows hares to reproduce by increasing their population, which will result in an increase in the lynx population.
a. The error rate of DNA replication is 1.0 × 10^-8 per base pair. This is considering that a human has approximately 3 billion base pairs where mutations can occur. However, this mutation is kept low by the proof-reading mechanism of DNA polymerases which are 99% efficient.
b. Given that the human genome is 3.2 × 109 bp, this means that there are on average 0.32 new substitutions every time the complete genome is replicated. In humans, there are about 30 cell generations between zygote and egg cells and about 400 cell divisions between a zygote and mature sperm. Thus, in males, the sperm cells have about 128 new mutations and the haploid egg genome has about 10 new mutations for a total of 138 new mutations in every new zygote.
c. Considering the above-mentioned mutation rates of approximately 1 and 2 mutations per 100 million base pairs between generations, then there will be approximately 130 mutations per generation. This means I will probably have about 130 different nucleotide bases from that of my parents.
<span>d. Siblings at an average of 50%, grandparents at an average of 25%; aunts/ uncles at an average of 25%; and first cousins at 12.5%.
</span>
<span />
<span>f. You are approximately different from the other random person by one SNP per 1000 bases. The human genome is about 3 Gbps long and therefore about 3 million SNPs among two random people.</span> With about 20,000 genes each having a coding sequence (exons) about 1.5 kb long (i.e. about 500 amino acids long protein on average), the human coding sequence covers 30 Mbp or about 1 percent of the genome. If SNPs were randomly distributed along the genome that will suggest about 30,000 SNP across the genome coding sequence or just over 1 per gene coding sequence.
g. Humans carry on average one to two mutations that, if inherited from both parents, can cause severe genetic disorders or death before reaching reproductive age. These mutations are what are referred to as recessive alleles of a gene.
<span>h. Mosaicism refers to individuals with genetically distinct cell lines that originated from a single zygote, whereas chimerism refers to those who originated from more than one zygote. Microchimerism is the co-existence of two genetically different cell populations in one organism, of which one occurs in a very low number. </span>
Answer: Two analogous structures are similar in phenotype and developed to perform the same function, despite not being inherited from a common ancestor. As so unrelated species may look related due to having analogous structures.
Explanation:
