Answer:
Sunk costs.
Explanation:
Sunk costs refers to historical funds spent or incurred that cannot be recovered. Such costs are considered irrelevant during decision making which impacts on the business's future as they present no influence on present or future prospects.
Example
ABC investors decide to acquire land and develop residential houses at a location X. This decision is informed on the fact that the government had recently enacted a policy that led to an increase in demand for residential properties in that location. 6 months into construction of the residential houses, the government reviews and rescinds the policy. This leads to a sharp decline in property values in location X. ABC investors had already incurred 10 million dollars in the project. The 10 million dollars is considered sunk cost.
Sunk costs are the opposite of relevant costs because they can't be changed or recovered, as they've been spent or contracted in the past already. Hence, relevant cost are relevant for decision-making purposes but not sunk costs.
Hence, money that has been or will be paid regardless of the decision whether to proceed with the project is sunk costs.
Answer:
The percentage of Indiana residents with a college degree rises from 25% to 30%.
Explanation:
Human capital is one of the most important (according to some economists the most important) aspect for economic growth. If college graduates in Indiana go from 25% to 30%, it means that Indiana's human capital has improved.
With improved Human Capital, now Indiana can produce better steel and corn, or even produce other things, because its college graduates have acquire the necessary knowledge to do so. This will in turn lead to economic growth and a higher standard of living.
The 95% confidence interval will be wider than the 90% confidence interval.
In statistics, the likelihood that a population parameter will fall between a set of values for a certain percentage of the time is referred to as a confidence interval. Analysts frequently employ confidence ranges that include 95% or 99% of anticipated observations. Therefore, it may be concluded that there is a 95% likelihood that the real value falls within that range if a point estimate of 10.00 with a 95% confidence interval of 9.50 - 10.50 is derived using a statistical model.
- The level of certainty or uncertainty in a sampling process is measured by confidence intervals.
- Additionally, they are employed in regression analysis and hypothesis testing.
- To determine statistical significance, statisticians frequently combine confidence intervals with p-values.
- 95% or 99% confidence levels are most frequently used in their construction.
Learn more about Confidence interval, here
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Explanation:
The two types of goods / services where price competition works best are those classified by a market model of perfect competition and imperfect competition.
In perfect competition, there is a predominance of a homogeneous market, with the presence of many companies and without barriers to entry, where there is the possibility of free price competition, such as the food industry.
In imperfect competition, there is also the presence of many industries in the market, but there is a differentiation of products, which causes price competition but depending on the benefits, functionality and degree of differentiation of the good perceived by the consumer.
