Proteins that are functionally less important for the survival of an organism generally evolve faster than more important proteins.
Proteins serve as the building blocks for all of life's essential processes. The proteins evolve along with the genes that create them, adding new functionality or features that may potentially result in the development of new species.
The mutation of amino acid-coding nucleotides and the stabilization of novel variations in the population are the two phases required for protein evolution.
The stability of a protein's folded structure, how well it prevents aggregation, and how well it is chaperoned all affect how quickly it evolves. According to the studies, the degree of a protein's expression has a greater influence on its evolutionary rate than does the protein's functional significance.
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My best guess would be c because b makes no since we as humans do not have photosynthesis and are considered living organisims, d is also wrong because the brain requires oxygen, and its not a because the brain is made of cells.
Plant produces glucose in the chloroplast through the process of photosynthesis. Calvin cycle is basically the biological process through which glucose is produced. The steps involved are as follows:
1. Absorbed CO2 is added to RuBP and 6C sugar is formed.
2. Breaking of 6C sugar into two 3-phosphoglycerate molecules
3. ATP gives phosphate group to form 3-phosphoglycerate which is later on converted into 1,3-biphosphoglycerate.
4. Electons are required by 1,3-biphosphoglycerate to an aldehyde called glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate or G3P and these electrons are donated by NADPH
5. Enzyme aldolase uses two molecules of G3P to produce 6 C sugar called fructose-1,6-biphosphate which is further converted to fructose-6-phosphate
6. Enzyme isomerase converts fructose-6-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate
