A picture is needed to answer.
Richter's original magnitude scale (ML) was extended to observations of earthquakes of any distance and of focal depths ranging between 0 and 700 km. Because earthquakes excite both body waves, which travel into and through the Earth, and surface waves, which are constrained to follow the natural waveguide of the Earth's uppermost layers, two magnitude scales evolved - the MB and MS scales.
The standard body-wave magnitude formula is
MB = log10(A/T) + Q(D,h) ,
where A is the amplitude of ground motion (in microns); T is the corresponding period (in seconds); and Q(D,h) is a correction factor that is a function of distance, D (degrees), between epicenter and station and focal depth, h (in kilometers), of the earthquake. The standard surface-wave formula is
MS = log10 (A/T) + 1.66 log10 (D) + 3.30 .
There are many variations of these formulas that take into account effects of specific geographic regions so that the final computed magnitude is reasonably consistent with Richter's original definition of ML. Negative magnitude values are permissible.
Answer:
<u>Mutations</u>
Explanation:
The answer is mutations because it is the one process that leads to new lifeforms evolving!
Greenhouse gases(also known as GHGs) are gases in the earth's atmosphere that trap heat, such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and certain synthetic chemicals.
The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth's surface. When the Sun's energy reaches the Earth's atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and some is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases.
The answer is letter C. That spontaneous generation didn't happe
Rudolf Virchow tried to prove that whatever cells existed had to come from pre-existing ones.
<span>Thank you for posting your question. I hope you found what you were after. Please feel free to ask me more.</span>
