I believe the answer is inflation.
Inflation- rising prices due to an increase in the supply of money
The author uses words such as valiantly that have strong emotional connotations of courage and respect <span />
On this problem you don't need to subtract. They want to know the total amount of people who attended so you would add.
1 1 1 (carried over numbers)
12,679 (Line it up with 8491, ones place to ones place and so on)
+8,491
21170 (answer)
To maintain separation of powers, and to maintain the popular vote are both correct!