The phrase dune erosion by ocean water along a shoreline best describes a density-independent limiting factor that can affect ecosystem stability (Option B).
<h3>What is a density-independent limiting factor?</h3>
A density-independent limiting factor can be defined as any factor in a given ecosystem that may alter the homeostasis of the population that lives in a given geographic area.
These factors (density-independent limiting factors) are generally abiotic factors such as hurricanes, extreme temperature conditions, the presence of contaminants in the air that hamper life in a given area, etc.
Conversely, density-dependent limiting factors are biotic factors such as competitive species that alter the development of another population.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that a density-independent limiting factor is any abiotic condition that may alter the life of a population in a give geographic area and thus alter the homeostasis of the whole ecosystem.
Learn more about density-independent limiting factors here:
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The answer is D.
The longer life expectancy
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Answer: Codominance
Explanation:
Since neither type A blood nor type B is dominant over the other (i.e both are codominant), the offspring of both parents will be with type AB blood.
Thus, codominance explains how the two alleles are present in the Heterozygous individual IAIB, showing they are both fully expressed.
ascon type of canal system is the one with the flagellation spongocoel. it is the simplest type of canal system. in this type of canal system water enters through ostia into spongocoel and excrete through osculum sponge with ascon type of canal system is called as asconoid sponge leucososlenia
