The issue of counting slaves in the population which determined representation in Congress was a major issue at the heart of the 3/5 Compromise which was one of the major compromises between the northern and southern states during the Constitutional Convention of 1787.
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The main change is the countries the immigrants were coming from. The immigrants in 1840s were coming from the Western Europe mainly Ireland and Germany. Immigrants from Asia and Eastern Europe were coming a bit later while during the beginning of the 20th century most of the immigrants came from Italy.
Answer: A - supporting education and the arts in western Europe
Explanation: Charlemagne established schools and promoted literacy and education in western Europe. He also took interest in and promoted the arts in court.