Answer: No I read it on briticanna.com
Explanation:
Organelle,The primary role of the flagellum is locomotion but it also often has function as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to chemicals and temperatures outside the cell. Flagella are organelles defined by function rather than structure.
Answer:
Normal Strand: alanine - methionine - histidine
Mutated Strand: glutamine - cysteine - no third amino acid.
Explanation:
<h3>mRNA Structure</h3>
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is the RNA that is used in cells for protein synthesis. It has a single strand made by the transcription of DNA by RNA polymerase. It contains four nucleotides: Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Uracil (U).
<h3>DNA Replication</h3>
Before transcribing, we need to create the complementary strand of the DNA. We're going to write out the nucleotides of the complementary strand by matching the nucleotides in these pairs: (A & T) and (C & G).
Normal Strand: GCA ATG CAC
Complementary Strand: CGT TAC GTG
Next, we can transcribe this to find our mRNA. We're going to do the same thing to the complementary DNA strand, but with Uracils instead of Thymines. So our pairs are: (A & U) and (C & G)
Complementary DNA Strand: CGT TAC GTG
mRNA Strand: GCA AUG CAC
You'll notice that the mRNA strand is almost exactly like the new mRNA strand, but with Uracil instead of Thymine.
<h3>Reading Codons</h3>
Each set of three nucleotides is known as a codon, which encodes the amino acids that ribosomes make into proteins. To read the codons, you need to have a chart like the one I attached. Start in the middle and work your way to the edge of the circle. Some amino acids have multiple codons. There are also "stop" and "start" codons that signify the beginning and ends of proteins.
mRNA Strand: GCA AUG CAC
Amino Acids: Ala Met His
Our sequence is alanine, methionine, and histidine.
<h3>Frameshift Mutations</h3>
A frameshift mutation occurs when a nucleotide is either added or removed from the DNA. It causes your reading frame to shift and will mess up every codon past where the mutation was. This is different than a point mutation, where a nucleotide is <em>swapped</em> because that will only mess up the one codon that it happened in. Frameshift mutations are usually more detrimental than point mutations because they cause wider spread damage.
<h3>Mutated Strand</h3>
Let's repeat what we did earlier on the mutated strand to see what changed.
Mutated Strand: CAA TGC AC
Complementary Strand: GTT ACG TG
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Complementary DNA Strand: GTT ACG TG
mRNA Strand: CAA UGC AC
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mRNA Strand: CAA UGC AC
Amino Acids: Glu Cys X
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Our amino acid sequence is glutamine, cysteine, and no third amino acid.
As you can see, removing the first nucleotide of the strand caused every codon to change. The last codon is now incomplete and won't be read at all. If this happened in a cell, the protein that was created from this mutated strand would be incorrect and may not function completely or at all.
It is a scientific law
Explanation:
A scientific law states a constant relationship between two or more variables, each of which represents a property or measurement of specific systems. It is a constant and unchanging rule, usually expressed mathematically which allows to predict the unknown based on what is known with logical and real relationships.
A scientific theory is a set of concepts and rules (scientific laws) that express the relationships between observations of such concepts and generates a principle or set of principles to explain a phenomenon.
Answer:
A) a cow who's coat color is roan (red and white) : Co- dominance
B) A red flower and a white flower produce a pink flower: Incomplete dominance
C) In rabbits there are 4 different versions of the gene for coat color- Multiple alleles
Explanation:
Co-dominance can be described as a phenomenon in which the two different phenotypes of the parents can be seen in the offspring produced by them. For example, In the option A, the cow had a parent with red coat colour and a parent with a white coat colour. Both these traits were seen in the offspring.
Incomplete dominance is a phenomenon in which parents of two different phenotypes give rise to a new phenotype in the offspring which is not present in both of the parents.