Answer:
<h3>Giovanni Da Pian Del Carpini, English John Of Plano Carpini, (born c. 1180, Pian del Carpine?, near Perugia, Umbria—died Aug. 1, 1252, Antivari [Bar], Dalmatia?), Franciscan friar, first noteworthy European traveller in the Mongol Empire, to which he was sent on a formal mission by Pope Innocent IV. He wrote the earliest important Western work on Central Asia.</h3>
<h2>please mark in brain list </h2>
B. <em>1998</em>. It was in this year that Osama bin Laden co-signed a <em>fatwa</em> (a non-binding legal pronunciation made by a religious authority) with Ayman al-Zawahiri, stating that the killing of North American and their allies was an "individual duty for every Muslim", to "liberate the al-Aqsa Mosque and Mecca from their grip". In the same year a series of U.S. embassies bombings (by terrorist cells linked or incited by al-Qaeda), thorough East African countries killed hundreds of people.
In a world characterized by increasing integration on economic, political and institutional levels, the notions of sovereignty and independence are becoming somewhat vague and a number of social entities such as ethnic groups which exist within wider societies are perceiving such integration - which is partly due to globalization - as a threat to their culture and identity.
