Italian city states were a political phenomenon of small independent states, around the northern part of the Italian peninsula around the 9th and the 15th century. They were governed independently
Answer:
Pan-Africanism can be said to have its origins in the struggles of the African people against enslavement and colonization.
The Europeans treated the Africans really cruel. The Europeans were trading with the Africns but then they decided to trade the Africans as slaves.
hope this helped ;D
European powers divided China into spheres of influence, while the United States promoted an Open Door Policy.