Answer:
Broad-spectrum antibiotics can cause antibiotic resistance.
Explanation:
- Antibiotics are the substances that inhibit the growth of or kill the bacteria and hence, these are used as medications for the treatment of a lot of bacterial diseases.
- These antibiotics can either be of broad-spectrum or the narrow spectrum.
- The broad-spectrum antibiotics are the ones that are effective against a variety of bacteria, both gram-positive and negative whereas the narrow-spectrum antibiotics are the ones that target only a specific type of bacteria.
- Since the bacteria can mutate very fast and hence, develop antibiotic resistance, the doctors usually avoid prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics and only use them when the causal bacteria is completely unknown.
- Hence, in the given case the provider prescribes separate medications for both types of bacteria.
The process of RNA editing is the alteration of the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA after it has been transcribed from DNA, but before it is translated into a protein. RNA editing occurs by two distinct mechanisms:<em><u /><u>Substitution</u> <u>editing </u></em>and <u><em>Insertion/</em></u><em></em><u><em>deletion</em></u><em> <u>editing</u></em>.
<u><em>Substitution editing</em></u> is the chemical alteration of individual nucleotides. These alterations are catalyzed by enzymes that recognize a specific target sequence of nucleotides:
*Cytidine Deaminases that convert a C in the RNA to uracil.
*<em />adenosine deaminases that convert an A to inosine,which the ribosome translates as a G.<span>Thus a CAG codon</span><span> (for Gln) can be converted to a CGG codon (for Arg).
<em><u>*Insertion/deletion editing</u></em><em><u /></em><u /> is the insertion or deletion of nucleotides in an RNA.
These alterations are mediated by guide RNA molecules that base-pair as best they can with the RNA to be edited and serve as a template for the addition( or removal) in the target.</span>
Answer:
450 years
Explanation:
well, according to some researchers, They estimate that due to the PET used in objects like plastic bags, plastic water bottles and plastic straws, it could take upwards of 450 years to decompose.
