The 17 amendment states that each state shall get two senators. The people do not directly elect senators, but rather, senators are elected by the representatives.
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The Declaration of the Rights of the Man and the Citizen was issued in 1789 by the French National Constituent Assembly. It is a document, which arose from the French Revolution, and contains the human civil rights which are stated to be universal, applicable everywhere and everytime.
The declaration includes the philoshophycal and political ideas of the Enlightment. The following two are the most important ones:
- The social contract concept of Rousseau which states that citizens hold the power of a nation and grant it to representatives and goverments through suffrage. It was a vision that clearly opposed the existent absolut monarchies and ancient regime systems that were operating at the moment.
- The division of powers by Montesquieu, which stated that the power of a nation should be divided in three independent branches: legislative, executive and judiciary, implemented together with a balance system that ensures that none of them gathers enough power to overrule the other branches.
Private ownership entails the existence of an owner/propietor, who has important economic incentives for the preservation of the value of his property and even for enhacing its future value. This occurs to a greater extent when private ownership takes place in countries with strong institutions that are able to enforce property rights if necessary.
On the other hand, when collective property forms are used instead, economists tend to forecast that it will be affected by the process known as the Tragedy of the Commons. It describes how when there is a shared resource, individual users who have access to it and use it in accordance to their own interest, end up behaving in a manner that is harmful for the common property, even tough this is contrary to their personal interests too, as then the common good will not be in the same initial conditions anymore. For example, overexploitation due to unlimited grazing on a collectively-owned field.