The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. He was the archduke of Austria-Hungary.
Most battles were on Southern territory - home ground, with local civilians on their side.
They had a simple and emotive war-aim - to defend the homeland against the invader.
They were a more soldierlike people - used to the riding and shooting way of life.
Some of the best officers in the US Army had resigned to join the Confederates.
In the first half, Lincoln had failed to promote his best Generals.
