Shopper Marketing involves using in-store promotions and advertising to extend brand equity to "the last mile" and encourage favorable point-of-purchase decisions.
Answer:
The answer is D) informal constraints increasing uncertainty for managers and firms in situations where formal constraints are unclear.
Explanation:
When you don´t have formal restraints and the same rules that apply for all, uncertainty among managers and their firms will increase.
This is a clear example of corruption taking place in a country where formal institutions or governments have collapsed or have been overthrown and the "new leaders" benefit from the situation. In this case the companies or firms which are "friendly" to the new government will flourish because no formal institutions or constraints remain. Instead they are replaced by informal constraints setup to favor specific firms and companies. That means that the "new leaders" may establish new rules for the companies or firms to follow at their will in order to favor whoever they want.
This may benefit the "new leaders" and their "friends" but it hurts all the other companies and firms. In order for a company to keep on doing business as usual, or get a new contract or license, it will probably need to become friends with the new regime and that usually means payments and other types of bribes.
Answer: different viewpoint
Explanation: In simple words, it refers to a situation in which different different parties have different ideas and beliefs towards a specific subject matter.
In the given case, the authorities implementing the school system and the teachers teaching in it have different views regarding the new system.
Hence we can conclude that the above case depicts different viewpoint situation.
Answer:
Independent groups.
Explanation:
Independent groups design is an experimental design where different participants are used in each condition of the experiment.
Answer:
The answer is: Reed's promise is not enforceable because he is a minor.
Explanation:
Minors (people under 18 years of age) are not allowed to participate in any kind of contract except for essential items like medicine or food.
In order for a promise to be enforceable, Reed's parents must give prior consent. Only if Reed was an emancipated minor would he be able to make contracts or legal promises, but apparently this isn't the case.
