Answer:
b. ecosystems in a region, species in an ecosystem, and genes and alleles in a species.
Explanation:
Biodiversity has three levels - ecosystem, species and genetic diversity. Therefore, Biodiversity can be defined as the variability among living organisms involving terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems, genes and alleles in a species and their ecological complexes such as diversity within species, and between species of the ecosystems.
Non-prokaryotic organisms typically have two life cycle stages: trophozoite and cyst is Protozoa.
<h3>What is Protozoa?</h3>
- Protozoa is a group of single celled, non- prokaryotic organisms.
- These may either be free living or parasitic in nature.
- These are heterotrophs and reproduce asexually by binary fission.
- The Protozoa consists of many unrelated or loosely related organisms.
- They are divided into four major groups: Sarcodina, Flagellates, Ciliates and Sporozoans..
- Some protozoa consist of two phases in their life cycle: proliferative stage (trophozoites) and resting stage (cysts).
- Trophozoites consists of the proliferative stage in which the protozoa divides and reproduces.
- The resting cyst form helps the protozoa to survive harsh environmental conditions like harmful chemicals, extreme temperature and nutrient and water deficiency.
Learn more about protrozoa here:
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Answer and explanation;
-Aba is a suitable replacement because Aba and Cys have approximately the same sized side chain and are similarly hydrophobic.
-However, Aba cannot form disulfide bonds so it will not be a suitable replacement if these are required.
-Alpha-Aminobutyric acid is biosynthesized by transaminating oxobutyrate, a metabolite in isoleucine biosynthesis.
