The Great Schism of 1378 split the center of the papacy between east and west.
The schism of 1378 is also sometimes known as the Western Schism. There were competing popes claiming the authority of that office and the allegiance of Catholics in Europe. The schism began in the years that followed the Avignon period of the papacy, when the papal headquarters had been moved from Rome to the borders of France.
The Great Schism of 1054 included theological issues, but was also a power struggle in the church that led to mutual declarations of excommunication between the pope in Rome and the patriarch of Constantinople. It split the western church (the Roman Catholic Church) from what has become known as the Eastern Orthodox Church. "Catholic" means universal -- the Roman pope was intent on asserting his leadership over all of Christendom. "Orthodox" means "right teaching." The Eastern patriarch and church were asserting their teachings to be right over against positions held in the West. There were a number of doctrinal issues debated hotly between East and West over the centuries leading up to the split in 1054. But more than anything, that split too came down to "church power" -- who held control over the church.
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, also known as the Hart–Celler Act, changed the way quotas were allocated by ending the National Origins Formula that had been in place in the United States since the Emergency Quota Act of 1921. Representative Emanuel Celler of New York proposed the bill, Senator Philip Hart of Michigan
Empresario
An empresario was a person who had been granted the right to settle on land in exchange for recruiting and taking responsibility for settling the eastern areas of Coahuila y Texas in the early nineteenth century. The word in Spanish for entrepreneur is emprendedor.
Correct answer: World War II Europe.
The references to "fighting the Germans when Poland had first been invaded" identify this narrative as happening during World War II in Europe. Other nations in Europe, notably Britain and France, had followed a policy of appeasement toward Adolph Hitler and Germany's efforts to add territory to its control. They allowed Germany to annex the Sudentland, and then did nothing when Germany took control of all of Czechoslovakia (in March, 1939). But when Germany invaded Poland in September, 1939, it was beyond clear that appeasing Hitler hadn't worked, and war was pursued. Germany's invasion of Poland was the beginning of World War II in Europe.
The creation of Poland took some of Russia's land, which Russia was unhappy with. The two countries went to war in 1920.
