Generally speaking, a grand jury may issue an indictment for a crime, also known as a "true bill," only if it finds, based upon the evidence that has been presented to it, that there is probable cause to believe that a crime has been committed by a criminal suspect. Unlike a petit jury, which resolves a particular civil or criminal case, a grand jury (typically having twelve to twenty-three members) serves as a group for a sustained period of time in all or many of the cases that come up in the jurisdiction, generally under the supervision of a federal U.S. attorney, a county district attorney, or a state attorney-general, and hears evidence ex parte (i.e. without suspect or person of interest involvement in the proceedings).
The federal government is required to use grand juries for all felonies, though not misdemeanors, by the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. While all states in the U.S. currently have provisions for grand juries, only half of the states actually employ them and twenty-two require their use, to varying extents. The modern trend is to use an adversarial preliminary hearing before a trial court judge, rather than grand jury, in the screening role of determining whether there is evidence establishing probable cause that a defendant committed a serious felony before that defendant is required to go to trial and risk a conviction on those charges.
Some states have "civil grand juries," "investigating grand juries," or the equivalent, to oversee and investigate the conduct of government institutions, in addition to dealing with criminal indictments.
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Common law relies on decisions made by judges in previous cases along with statutes and regulations made by legislatures.
What is Common law?
- In law, common law is the body of law formed by judges and comparable quasi-judicial tribunals by virtue of being declared in written decisions.
- It is also known as judicial precedent, judge-made law, or case law.
- The fact that "common law" emerges as precedent is its distinguishing feature.
- In circumstances where the parties differ on the law, a common law court looks to previous precedential decisions of competent courts and synthesizes the principles of those previous cases as applicable to the current facts.
- If a similar matter has already been decided, the court is usually compelled to follow the reasons employed in the earlier ruling (a principle known as stare decisis).
Therefore, common law relies on decisions made by judges in previous cases along with statutes and regulations made by legislatures.
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A- rule of law. Sorry if im wrong
