Answer:
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Explanation:
To understand how gene expression is regulated, we must first understand how a gene codes for a functional protein in a cell. The process occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, just in slightly different manners.
Prokaryotic organisms are single-celled organisms that lack a cell nucleus, and their DNA therefore floats freely in the cell cytoplasm. To synthesize a protein, the processes of transcription and translation occur almost simultaneously. When the resulting protein is no longer needed, transcription stops. As a result, the primary method to control what type of protein and how much of each protein is expressed in a prokaryotic cell is the regulation of DNA transcription. All of the subsequent steps occur automatically. When more protein is required, more transcription occurs. Therefore, in prokaryotic cells, the control of gene expression is mostly at the transcriptional level.
Eukaryotic cells, in contrast, have intracellular organelles that add to their complexity. In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is contained inside the cell’s nucleus and there it is transcribed into RNA. The newly synthesized RNA is then transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where ribosomes translate the RNA into protein. The processes of transcription and translation are physically separated by the nuclear membrane; transcription occurs only within the nucleus, and translation occurs only outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm. The regulation of gene expression can occur at all stages of the process (Figure 1). Regulation may occur when the DNA is uncoiled and loosened from nucleosomes to bind transcription factors (epigenetic level), when the RNA is transcribed (transcriptional level), when the RNA is processed and exported to the cytoplasm after it is transcribed (post-transcriptional level), when the RNA is translated into protein (translational level), or after the protein has been made (post-translational level).
Answer:
plasmolysis
Explanation:
plasmolysis is the shrinkage of the vacuole and pulling away of cytoplasmic linings from the cell wall when water leaves the cell.
The correct answer is option d - branch-like fiber extending in clusters from a neuron's cell body.
Axons are regions that extend from neuron cell membrane. The axon starts from a cell body portion called axon hillock. Then it extends to form a terminal towards the end that is adjacent to the target cell.
Axons are considered the primary transmission lines in the nervous system. They can be quite long. Some can extend to over a meter long, for example those of the sciatic nerve.
A/an <u>seminal vesicle</u> is a fluid-filled sac in the scrotum along the spermatic cord leading from the testicles.
- The male reproductive system includes a pair of glands called seminal vesicles that are located on the back of the bladder base in men.
- Their major job is to create the semen-making fluid that is expelled during ejaculation.
- The majority of the fluid that makes up semen is produced and stored by two tiny glands called seminal vesicles.
- The seminal vesicles' fluid is sent into the ejaculatory duct during ejaculation, where it might mingle with sperm and other reproductive fluids.
- The androgen-dependent seminal vesicle glands release a sizeable portion of the fluid that eventually turns into semen (seminal fluid).
- The majority of species' contributions to semen volume come from seminal vesicle glands.
learn more about seminal vesicles here: brainly.com/question/11223304
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Answer:
it deactivates the nerves for that specific area, while the rest of the body's nerves still are activated.
Explanation:
