1 - introduced to a habitat similar to their own
3 - outcompete native species
4 - generally have no native predators
6 - often have high reproductive rates
8 - can tolerate a range of conditions
The gravity from the moon and some from the sun brings the tides up, because the moon's gravitational force is strong enough to pull some water up.
<h2>Urea </h2>
Explanation:
Urea is a small nitrogenous compound which is the main end product of protein catabolism in mammals
- Urea is a nitrogen-containing substance normally cleared from the blood by the kidney into the urine
- It is made predominantly in the liver from ammonia and bicarbonate and is one of the main components of urine
- The rate of synthesis varies from 300 to 600 mmol/day depending on the protein intake
- All of this urea eventually finds its way into the urine
- Because urea makes up a large part of the obligatory solute excretion, its osmotic pressure requires significant volumes of water to carry the urea
- Urea passively crosses biological membranes, but its permeability is low because of its low solubility in the lipid bilayer
- Some cells speed up this process through urea transporters, which move urea by facilitated diffusion
- Urea is passively reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, but its route of transport is not clear
- Urea transporters have not yet been identified for the proximal tubule
When the influenza virus enters an epithelial cell, the infected cell responds by posting antigens and acting as a flag for cytotoxic T cells.
<h3>What is the cell-mediated response?</h3>
The cell-mediated response is a type of immune response where the organism is able to respond to pathogens by immune cells.
Macrophages (as well as other immune cells ) can act during cell-mediated immune responses.
In conclusion, when the influenza virus enters an epithelial cell, the infected cell responds by posting antigens and acting as a flag for cytotoxic T cells.
Learn more about cell mediated responses here:
brainly.com/question/24378503
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Answer;
Antibodies.
The human immune system fights infection by releasing antibodies.
Explanation;
The immune system acts to defend the body against pathogens such as viruses, bacteria and fungi that may cause a disease.
It does so using various types of mechanism, one is by the production of antibodies.
Antibodies are proteins that are produced by the B-cell and are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens.
These antibodies also activates proteins known as complements which assist in the killing of bacteria, viruses and the infected cells.
