This would be an example of overproduction. The frog lays thousands of eggs, which is more than it needs, or would need in perfect conditions.
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It is quiet simple the only way the offspring of two organism could be effected by any sort of mutation is if the mutation accrued during meiosis.
Females have two X chromosomes while males have one X and one Y chromosome
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This question has little context, but I understand what you are trying to say.
The reason why dark moths survived while light moths weren't able to survive is due to the dark moths having conditions that allowed them to camouflage better than the light moths. An environmental condition that would allow this would be the dark moths and the light moths living in the same dark environment.
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