Answer:
Option (D).
Explanation:
ATP (adenotriphosphate) molecules are considered as energy currency of the cells as molecules provide energy for various cellular functions.
The energy is stored in ATPs in two high-energy phosphate bonds, known as phosphoanhydride bonds. This stored energy is released in during hydrolysis of ATP, which involves removal of terminal phosphate groups bound the carbon backbone.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D).
Answer: Antibodies are proteins that are found in the body on the surface of red blood cells and in the blood plasma ,they are very sensitive to foreign bodies and bad viruses and bacteria,when they notice the presence of anything that poses harm or a threat to the body system,they track it down and fight/destroy it.
Antibodies also play crucial role in hemostasis(stoppage of bleeding) in the sense that when the body is wounded or when someone gets a cut antibodies that are found in the plasma and some substances found in the platelets are released to play a role in sending signal to the blood clotting factors in the blood to be released to arrest the bleeding and prevent the person from bleeding out their entire blood.
The esophagus squeezes food down the digestive tract by an involuntary synchronized muscle movement called the Peristalsis
None.
There's no such thing as "short term climate change".
By definition, climate change is a long term.
Short term changes are "weather", which has a great many causes.
Hope this helps :)
Action potential is a mechanism of transfer of ions across the plasma membrane down their elctrochemical gradient. Action potential is regenerated by the influx of ions such as sodium in case of voltage gated sodium channels. The voltage gated channels can be either open or closed depending on the action potential. Depolarization of membrane leads to the opening of these channels that allow the sodium ions to enter the cell down their electrochemical gradient. The threshold of action potential is reached when the entry of sodium ions out reach the exit of potassium ions from the cell. This leads to the generation of action potential.
