Answer:
Different species within a phylum all have the same basic characters, anatomical and functional integrity, common ancestry.
Explanation:
The animals having same phylum but different species have similar basic structural pattern. That means the anatomical features are constructed on the same ground plan. This individuals have similar functional integration. All animals of a phylum work as a functional machines with similar functional integration.
Another important feature is they have common ancestry. Evolutionary study have confirmed all members of a similar phylum have been derived directly or indirectly from a common primitive ancestry.
Explanation:
Fat molecules consist of three fatty acid chains connected by a glycerol backbone. Fatty acids are basically long chains of carbon and hydrogen and are the major source of energy during normal activities.
Fatty acids are broken down by progressively cleaving two carbon bits and converting these to acetyl coenzyme A. The acetyl CoA is the oxidized by the same citric acid cycle involved in the metabolism of glucose. For every two carbons in a fatty acid, oxidation yields 5 ATPs generating the acetyl CoA and 12 more ATPs oxidizing the coenzyme. This makes fat a terrific molecule in which to store energy, as the body well knows (much to our dismay).
The only biological drawback to this, and other, forms of oxidative metabolism is its dependence on oxygen. Thus, if energy is required more rapidly than oxygen can be delivered, muscles switch to the less efficient anaerobic pathways. Interestingly, this implies that an anaerobic workout will not "burn" any fat, but will preferentially deplete the body of glucose. Of course, your body can't survive very long on just anaerobic metabolism...it just can't generate enough energy.
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The FOIL method is used to multiply binomials, or to multiply (x + 3) by (3x -12) for example. Then multiply the OUTSIDE terms together, or x and -12 to get -12x. Then multiply the INSIDE terms together, or 3 and 3x to get 9x. The multiply the LAST terms together, or 3 and -12 to get -36.
Answer:
a. The electrons provide energy for the H+ pump to transport more H+ ions into the thylakoid space.
d. The photolysis of water releases H+ ions into the thylakoid space.
Explanation:
This question describes the first stage of photosynthesis, which is LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTION. The light dependent reactions involve creating ATP (energy carrier) and NADPH (electron carrier) needed for the Calvin cycle (light independent stage) to occur.
The ATP is formed by pumping hydrogen ions (H+) into the thylakoid space/lumen, hence, creating a electrochemical gradient needed for ATP synthase to synthesize ATP. The buildup of H+ ions is caused by:
- The electrons that arise when light photons hit a chlorophyll molecule is used to provide energy for the H+ pump to transport more H+ ions into the thylakoid space.
- The photolysis of water results in the production of electrons (e-) and hydrogen ions (H+). These hydrogen ions are released into the thylakoid space.
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