Let "x" represent the weight of the toppings. We know that we can have any number of toppings. This means that one may ask for no toppings at all too.
Now, we have been told that "S" is the weight of the special sundae in kilograms. This definitely included the "mandatory" 2 kilograms of ice cream. Therefore, S will be at-least equal to 2.
Thus, the inequality that describes S, the weight of the special sundae in kilograms at Ping's Ice Cream Palace is given as:
kilograms.
It can be seen that as x increases, S increases too and if an order does not want any toppings in it then the weight of the special sundae will be a minimum of 2 kg which is the weight of the ice cream.
Power and chain rule (where the power rule kicks in because
):

Simplify the leading term as

Quotient rule:

Chain rule:


Put everything together and simplify:







If n = 5, then 9n = 45
45 - 15 = 30, which is the same thing as 6n
If the initial time was 60 seconds and 18 seconds have passed,

There would be 42 seconds left.