Drugs that enter the body through ingestion or absorption have a decreased risk of addiction due to the slow route to the brain.
<h3>What do you mean by Addiction?</h3>
Addiction may be characterized as the circumstance of chronic and relapsing disorder that is significantly characterized by compulsive drug seeking and utilization despite adverse consequences. The part of the brain that causes addiction is called the mesolimbic dopamine pathway.
The mechanism of absorption and ingestion typically consists of actively working enzymes that reduce or eliminate the effect of substances that are consumed by the body. These mechanisms nullify the effect of all sorts of addiction that may be stimulated by drugs in the body of individuals.
Therefore, drugs that enter the body through ingestion or absorption have a decreased risk of addiction due to the slow route to the brain.
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Answer: 18,290 yards^2
Explanation:
Area is one side times the other so
59 • 310 = 18,290
Then all you do is put the yd, in, ft whatever the length is determined by then square it
Answer:
Conversion of alcohols to alkenes: R-CH2-CHOH-R → R-CH=CH-R + H2O
Conversion of carboxylic acids to acid anhydrides 2 RCO2H → (RCO)2O + H2O
Explanation:
Dehydration
In chemistry, a dehydration reaction is one that involves the loss of water. In organic synthesis, where an acid is often used as a catalyst, there are numerous examples of dehydration reactions: Conversion of alcohols to ethers: 2 R-OH → R-O-R + H2O Conversion of alcohols to alkenes: R-CH2-CHOH-R → R-CH=CH-R + H2O Conversion of carboxylic acids to acid anhydrides 2 RCO2H → (RCO)2O + H2O Conversion of amides to nitriles: RCONH2 → R-CN + H2O
Sources:
Klein Organic Chemistry. 2th edition
Mcmurry's Organic Chemistry. 9th edition.
Answer:
The hormones involved in the calcium homeostasis are parathyroid hormone, cholecalciferol and calcitonin.
Explanation:
The maintenance of calcium level in the body is important for the proper functioning of body. The increased level of calcium is known as hypercalcemia and low level of calcium in body is known as hypocalcemia.
Hormones that regulate the level of calcium in blood are as follows:
Parathyroid hormone: The parathyroid hormone stimulate the calcium reabsorption in case of hypocalcemia. The osteoclast bone activity increases and calcium reabsorption from renal tubule, increases the calcium level of the body. This maintains calcium homeostasis in the body.
Calcitonin: An increase in the calcium ion concentration stimulates the secretion of calcitonin. The calcitonin hormone inhibits the osteoclast bone reabsorption, decreases the blood level in the body.
Cholecalciferol: This is also known as vitamin D metabolites. This hormone is stimulated in case of low calcium levels. The calcium level can be increased in the body by increasing the phosphate and calcium absorption from the gastro intestinal tract.
