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CD4 T cells activate CD8 T cells through an underhanded cycle including an antigen presenting cell (APC), customarily a standard dendritic cell (DC). An APC presents a peptide to a true CD4 T cell through a Class II MHC molecule.
The mitochondrion helps to maintain homeostasis in the cell by b. extracting energy from food for the cell.
Answer:
144
Explanation:
they divide, so double it :)
Answer:
Reproductive isolation, as well as taxonomic and genetic differences, can be used to discover and classify new species
Explanation:
According to the biological concept of species, "the species can be recognized to be reproductively isolated by morphological, behaviors and physiological processes that prevent interbreeding with other groups". These differences can include taxonomic changes and the lack of homology between conserved genes, which enable us to discern that two individuals belong to different species. In genetics, for example, the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) is widely used to differentiate between species because it is evolutionarily conserved, thereby important sequence differences may indicate that two individuals belong to different (even cryptic) species.