Sticking the tongue on the flagpole is an example of negative reinforcement because it produces an unpleasant sensation. In consequence, this behavior will be avoided in the future.
Negative reinforcement refers to a phenomenon that allows teaching a particular behavior.
Negative reinforcement occurs when an uncomfortable and/or unpleasant situation is taken away as a reaction to a particular stimulus.
This process (negative reinforcement) involves discarding the negative situation in order to strengthen a particular behavior.
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Answer:
Participative learning is the body of the lesson, where learners are involved as actively in the learning process as possible. There is an intentional sequence of activities or learning events that will help the learner achieve the specified objective or desired outcome. However, autonomous learning is a customized way of learning applied by an individual to find out his own learning needs and learning goals, decide the most appropriate way for his own learning, as well as to monitor and evaluate the learning progress.
Explanation:
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The ability to generalize a study's results to different circumstances is known as external validity that suffers from 7 types of threats.
<h3>What are the threats to External Validity?</h3>
There are 7 major threats to external validity.
- The first threat is sampling bias, in which a sample is not representative of the population.
- The second threat is history, where an unrelated incident can affect the results.
- The third threat is observer bias, in which the traits or actions of the experimenter unintentionally affect the results, resulting in bias and other demand features.
- The fourth threat is the Hawthorne effect, which describes the propensity for individuals to alter their behaviour merely because they are aware that they are being observed.
- The fifth threat is the Testing Effect, in which the results are impacted by whether a test is administered before or after another.
- The sixth threat is the aptitude-treatment, which involves the interaction of individual and group factors to affect the dependent variable.
- The environment, time of day, location, researcher traits, and other variables that restrict the generalizability of the results are included in the seventh threat.
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Seth is certainly the one who needs a long term care insurance.
A long term care insurance is a policy that covers the nursing bills for older citizens who are 65 years and above. It is an advance payment that covers about six or more years.
Such a policy is of more importance to Seth who has spent most of the money that he has made and keeps spending. He may not have enough money to cover his nursing bills in old age but Colin would depend on his long term savings.
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In perfectly competitive markets, firms in the market in the long-run, will earn zero economic profits.
<h3>What economic profits are earned in a perfectly competitive market?</h3>
In the short-run, there is a chance to earn a positive economic profit in a perfectly competitive market but this would then attract other companies into the market to make profits as well.
This then leads to the profits disappearing thanks to increased supply and lower prices. Companies would then leave and enter to either take advantage of profits or stop losses thereby keeping economic profits at zero in the long run.
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