The foundational challenge, Challenge of expansion and the deepening of democracy. Corruption among government officials, delayed justice, increasing poverty, health care, low literacy rate, over population.
Descriptive investigations involve collecting data about a system, but not making tests or experiments.
Making tests belongs to experimental investigations.
Descriptive investigations aim to draw conclusions from observations of the fenomena, while experimental investigations design tests that let the researcher to compare results on different conditions with a control situation.
There is also the so called comparative investigations which collect data from under different conditions but do not include the control situtation.
An antonym is a word that's opposite in meaning. So the correct option in regards to the given question is option "D". Synonym is the opposite of antonym. Synonym means similar in meaning or rather same in meaning. The example of antonym are likely and unlikely, fortunate and unfortunate, able and unable etc.
There are numerous examples in English literature that are
opposite in meaning to a given word. I hope this has been of use to you and will
help you in future.