The correct answer is:
The landlords.
In the account of the harsh existence that he and his family encountered in the one-room tenements of South Chicago, Richard Wright's "The One-Room Kitchenette" refers to the building landlords as “the bosses of the buildings”, who were keeping black people in specific apartments, without any mobility, and developing racially restrictive housing covenants.
August 28, 1963 if you needed the year.