Answer: the second one, aan article from www.europeanhistory.net that was updated in 2008.
i’d say an article in the Journal of European History
This source isn't very recent (but it doesnt need to be because Amaya is writing about the history of Europe), but we do know that it was updated, which implies that more relevent information was posted. The information is coming from a trustworthy source (we know this because of the url the article is from), so is likely very relevent and relaible. The last source is irrelevent becasue it's abput a carmaker who had/has nothing to do with the Columbian Exchange, and the first source is from a journal (we don't know who the journal belongs to, or what kind of information is in it).
b. By contrasting the outcomes of Spartan and Roman conquests, Machiavelli provides evidence to support his claim that a prince must destroy a free city in order to hold it.
