
<h3><u>Basic </u><u>Characteristic </u><u>of </u><u>acids </u></h3>
- Acids are sour in taste
- Acid turns blue litmus paper or solution into red litmus paper or solution
- Acids are good conductor of electricity because it dissociate into cation in aqueous solution
- Acids classified into edible acids and non edible acids. Non edible acids are very hazardous
- Generally, All acids are soluble in water
- Acids have PH smaller than 7
<u>Arrhenius </u><u>definition </u><u>of </u><u>acids </u><u>:</u><u>-</u>
According to Arrehinus,
- Acids are those substances which when dissolve in water given H positive ions . Then, this hydrogen ions combine with water to form H30 + ions
<u>Second </u><u>definition </u><u>of </u><u>Acids </u><u>was </u><u>given </u><u>by </u><u>Bonsted </u><u>Lowry </u><u>:</u><u>-</u>
According to Bonsted Lowry
- Acids are the proton donors that is when acids dissociate into water gives hydrogen ions that is H+ ions
<u>3rd </u><u>definition </u><u>was </u><u>given </u><u>by </u><u>Lewis </u>
According to Lewis
- Acids are those substances which have the ability to accept a pair of electrons .
Example of Acids
- HNO3 :- Nitric acid
- H2SO4 :- Sulfuric acid
- HCl :- Hydrochloric acid
<h3><u>Basic </u><u>characterists </u><u>of </u><u>bases </u></h3>
- Bases are bitter in taste
- Bases turns red litmus paper into blue litmus paper or solution
- Bases are also good conductor of electricity because on dissociation it produces anion in aqueous solution
- Bases are also good conductor of electricity
- When bases are soluble in water then they are known as alkaline base
- Bases have PH greater than 7
<u>Arrehinus definition of bases :-</u>
According to Arrehinus ,
- Bases are those substances which when dissolve in water produce OH negative ions that is hydroxide ions
<u>Bonsted Lowry definition </u>
According to Bonsted Lowry
- Bases are the proton donors as they produce OH negative ions in dissociation in aqueous solution
<u>Lewis </u><u>definition </u>
According to Lewis
- Acids are those substances which have the ability to lose electrons that is they are electron donors.
Example of bases
- Ca(OH)2 :- Calcium hydroxide
- NaOH :- Sodium hydroxide
- KOH :- Potassium hydroxide
[ Note :- There are so many Lewis acids and bases but they are not Arrhenius or Lowry acids or bases ]
<h3><u>Basic </u><u>characteristic </u><u>of </u><u>salt </u></h3>
- Salts are the ionic compounds which are composed of acids and bases that cation and anion
- Salts are generally found in oceans and seas in the forms of crystals
- As they are composed of acids and bases so they are neutral in nature but the salt of strong acid or weak base is acidic in nature or vice versa
- Salts are also good conductor of electricity as they form ionic bond
- Generally, All salts are soluble in water.
- The PH of common Salt is 7
Example of salts
- NH4Cl :- Ammonium chloride
- CuSO4 :- Copper sulphate
- NaCl :- Sodium chloride
The answer is evaporation<span>.Evaporation is the vaporization of the liquid from its surface into gaseous phase, without boiling the liquid. When all the liquid has passed to gaseous phase the salt dissolved in the salt water will remain as solid crystals.</span><span />
Answer:
B
The increase in the atomic number
Answer:
5010J
Explanation:
The following data were obtained from the question:
Mass (m) = 15g
Heat of fusion (ΔHf) = 334J/g
Heat required (Q) =..?
The heat energy required to melt the ice can be obtained as follow:
Q = m·ΔHf
Q = 15 x 334
Q = 5010J
Therefore, the heat energy required to melt the ice is 5010J.
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